Article: Phonetic Reduction is Associated with Positive Assessment and other Pragmatic Functions, Speech Communication, to appear
Nigel G. Ward, Raul O. Gomez, Carlos A. Ortega, Georgina Bugarini
Abstract: A fundamental goal of speech science is to inventory the meaning-conveying elements of human speech. This article provides evidence for including phonetic reduction in this inventory. Based on analysis of dialog data, we find that phonetic reduction commonly appears with several important pragmatic functions, including the expression of positive assessment, in both American English and Mexican Spanish. For American English, we confirm, in a controlled experiment, that people speaking in a positive tone generally use more reduced forms.
Video Highlights:
Reduction as a Secret Side-Channel in Human Speech:
When Less Clear is More Positive.
Presented as a 5-Minute Linguist talk at the 2024 Meeting of the Linguistic Society of America
(abstract).
Supporting Details, Research Record, Resources:
Audio Illustrations
Symbols: | Underlining indicates the approximate extent of the reduced regions |
Slashes (/) indicate speaker changes | |
Asterisks (*) mark speech regions that illustrate the point being made |
English: Pragmatic Functions Solidly Associated with Reduction
PO (Positive Assessments)
TC (Topic Closings)
Spanish: Pragmatic Functions Solidly Associated with Reduction
PO (Positive Assessments)
Spanish Audio:
Abrieron una seccion nueva de Star Wars, que *esta bien chida vato. (001@1:02)
English Translation:
They opened a new Star Wars section, which is so *cool dude. (001@1:02)
Spanish Audio:
...*si disfruto ver a bastantes amigos y todas las cosas. (001@4:15)
English Translation:
. . . *yes I enjoy seeing a lot of friends and all that. (001@4:15)
Spanish Audio:
Es que *estan ricos, ella los hace bien ricos. (008@0:17)
English Translation:
It’s just that *they are delicious, she makes them very delicious. (008@0:17)
TG (Turn Grabs)
Spanish Audio:
English Translation:
. . . It’s just that those are made by hand and then well/ *It’s cause no not that like it’s handmade. . . (008@0:46)
Spanish Audio:
Pues tienes razon./ Si no / *O que te digo. . . (012@1:24)
English Translation:
Well, you’re right./ Yes / * Oh what do I tell you. . . (012@1:24)
Spanish Audio:
Que no ibas a aplicar a eso lo de / *pues si pero pues no me, como que no tiene. . . (012@3:26)
English Translation:
Weren’t you going to apply to that of/ *well yes but well it doesn’t, like it doesn’t have. . . (012@3:26)
DP (Downplayed Phrases)
Spanish Audio:
English Translation:
This time he’s not going to come, *because, well he’s going to come but my mom isn’t, because she is working. (008@1:36)
Spanish Audio:
English Translation:
. . . He’s seven or eight, *but what um , but Thursday is supposed to be in fact . . . (008@1:57)
English: Audio Illustrations of Reduction in Pragmatic Functions Possibly Associated with Reduction
UC (Uncertainty Markers)
TG (Turn Grabs)
PW (Predictable Words)
PF (Personal Feelings)
DP (Downplayed Phrases)
PC (Prosody Carriers)
RE (Recapitulations)
Spanish: Audio Illustrations of Reduction in Pragmatic Functions Possibly Associated with Reduction
Negative Assessment
Spanish Audio:
Lo unico malo pues lo que te digo, que este año casi *no voy a poder ir a Chihuahua. (001@5:49)
English Translation:
The only bad thing is what I’m telling you, that this year I'm *not really going to be able to go to Chihuahua. (001@5:49)
Spanish Audio:
English Translation:
[Taking an exam] Well, he told me, I don’t have anything, and I didn’t find anything in my backpack and I said, this is done, *I already got zero. (003@0:46)
Spanish Audio:
A mi *no me gusta el huevo con tocino. (012@0:02)
English Translation:
I *don't like egg with bacon. (012@0:02)
Spanish Audio:
*No me gusta es que no sabe igual. (012@0:19)
English Translation:
I don’t like it, it just doesn’t taste the same. (012@0:19)
English: Illustrations of Functions Typically not Reduced
Negative Assessment
FI (Fillers, Interjections, and Backchannels)
English: Illustrations of how Perceptions of Reduction can Differ
Emphasis, as in
. . . she was . . . ripping the skin, 3/1 like back (006@6:29),
Keywords: pragmatic functions, phonetic reduction, hypoarticulation, prosody, corpus study, annotated data, English, Spanish, correlations, predictive model