Pragmatic Functions of Phonetic Reduction


Article: Phonetic Reduction is Associated with Positive Assessment and other Pragmatic Functions, Speech Communication, to appear

Nigel G. Ward, Raul O. Gomez, Carlos A. Ortega, Georgina Bugarini

Abstract: A fundamental goal of speech science is to inventory the meaning-conveying elements of human speech. This article provides evidence for including phonetic reduction in this inventory. Based on analysis of dialog data, we find that phonetic reduction commonly appears with several important pragmatic functions, including the expression of positive assessment, in both American English and Mexican Spanish. For American English, we confirm, in a controlled experiment, that people speaking in a positive tone generally use more reduced forms.

Full Article, pdf


Video Highlights: Reduction as a Secret Side-Channel in Human Speech: When Less Clear is More Positive.
Presented as a 5-Minute Linguist talk at the 2024 Meeting of the Linguistic Society of America (abstract).


Supporting Details, Research Record, Resources:


Audio Illustrations

Symbols: Underlining indicates the approximate extent of the reduced regions

Slashes (/) indicate speaker changes

Asterisks (*) mark speech regions that illustrate the point being made

English: Pragmatic Functions Solidly Associated with Reduction

PO (Positive Assessments)

TC (Topic Closings)

Spanish: Pragmatic Functions Solidly Associated with Reduction

PO (Positive Assessments)

TG (Turn Grabs)

DP (Downplayed Phrases)

English: Audio Illustrations of Reduction in Pragmatic Functions Possibly Associated with Reduction

UC (Uncertainty Markers)

TG (Turn Grabs)

PW (Predictable Words)

PF (Personal Feelings)

DP (Downplayed Phrases)

PC (Prosody Carriers)

RE (Recapitulations)

Spanish: Audio Illustrations of Reduction in Pragmatic Functions Possibly Associated with Reduction

Negative Assessment

English: Illustrations of Functions Typically not Reduced

Negative Assessment

FI (Fillers, Interjections, and Backchannels)

English: Illustrations of how Perceptions of Reduction can Differ


Link: Natasha Warner's Reduced Speech Examples page

Keywords: pragmatic functions, phonetic reduction, hypoarticulation, prosody, corpus study, annotated data, English, Spanish, correlations, predictive model


Nigel Ward's website